一仆二主

Who Qualified for the First GOP Debate?_我的网站

穆赫兰道

A |

The first Republican presidential debate is quickly approaching, and with it, an early test of the candidates’ viability.

To qualify for the Aug. 23 debate in Milwaukee, a candidate must poll at least 1% in three national polls, or a mix of two national polls and two polls from early-primary states, according to rules set by the Republican National Committee. Candidates must also receive donations from 40,000 donors, including 200 unique donors in 20 states or more.

In addition to the polling and fundraising requirements, the candidates must also take a loyalty pledge in order to participate in the debate. With that pledge, which has been controversial among the candidates, GOP presidential hopefuls must sign a statement that they will support the eventual Republican nominee.

Though the barriers for entry aren’t especially high, some candidates have raised concerns that the addition of a fundraising requirement is too burdensome. All the while, the importance of the event has been called into question as former President Donald Trump, the GOP front-runner, has opted not to attend.

Here’s where the candidates stand:

Candidates Who Met Polling and Fundraising Requirements:

(Julie Bennett/Getty Images)

(Rebecca S. Gratz for The Washington Post via Getty Images)

(Charles Krupa/AP)

Former ambassador to the United Nations, former South Carolina governor

(Alex Brandon/AP)

(Michael M. Santiago/Getty Images)

Former New Jersey governor

(Michael M. Santiago/Getty Images)

(Scott Olson/Getty Images)

(Jacquelyn Martin/AP)

(Scott Olson/Getty Images)

Candidates Who Did Not Meet the Polling and Fundraising Thresholds:

(Drew Angerer/Getty Images)

Conservative talk radio host

(Scott Olson/Getty Images)

(SERGIO FLORES/AFP via Getty Images)

Business executive, pastor

(SERGIO FLORES/AFP via Getty Images)

Former congressman, Texas

(Scott Olson/Getty Images)

Former Cranston, Rhode Island, mayor

(ED JONES/AFP via Getty Images)

。 8 月 25 日消息，科技媒体 Windows Latest 今天（8 月 25 日）发布博文，报道称微软首席执行官萨蒂亚 · 纳德拉（Satya Nadella）警告称，企业若依赖单一人工智能模型，可能把自身知识和思考能力“外包”给模型提供商，甚至失去独立生存能力。在 CNN 播客节目中，记者法里德 · 扎卡利亚 (Fareed Zakaria) 指出，每次使用人工智能后，你都在向 AI 公司提供你的数据，而这些数据可能包括你的知识、思维过程、想法和愿景，并认为：“他们 [指 AI 公司] 实际上是在窃取这些成果，并改进他们的 AI 模型”。

B | 纳德拉赞同该观点，在播客节目中称任何一个模型都可能停止服务，企业必须掌控自身知识和发展方向。纳德拉认为，有别于面向普通消费者的 AI 运营逻辑，企业会持续创造知识，这些知识应留在企业内部，而不应被绑定到某个模型或服务商。企业不仅拥有“人力资本”，还会形成不断增长的“Token 资本”（token capital）。

C | 援引博文介绍，这里的“Token 资本”涵盖提示词上下文、员工与模型的交互记录，以及员工使用模型的方式等，这是企业在使用 AI 时所积累的知识。纳德拉认为在消费者市场，和现有的广告商业模式类似，可以存在“免费服务换取数据”的价值交换模式，但是在企业市场，不能照搬这一规则，否则可能威胁企业本身的生存。