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SpaceX星际飞船超级重型助推器7部发动机同时点火_我的网站

A |     9月20日消息，当地时间周一，SpaceX在对星际飞船系统原型的7号超级重型助推器进行静态点火测试时，首次同时启动7部猛禽发动机，这也是公司同时启动火箭发动机数量最多的一次测试。

B | 星际飞船是高度有50米的可重复使用航天器，将由70米长、搭载33部猛禽发动机的超级重型助推器送入轨道。    

    A number of tinned iron armor plates excavated from the Jizhong site Photo: Courtesy of the Shaoxing Institute of Cultural Relics and ArchaeologyArchaeologists at the Jizhong ruins site in Shaoxing, East China's Zhejiang Province, recently unearthed a large number of tinned iron armor plates and semi-finished pieces dating to the Wu period of the Three Kingdoms (222-280), according to the Shaoxing Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology. These discoveries represent the earliest known tinned iron artifacts in China to date, as well as the earliest tinned iron production remains found anywhere in the world, proving that an organized, systematic craft industry for tin-plated ironwork existed at that time.
While China has a long history of making tinned bronze and tinware, there has long been a lack of reliable historical records or physical evidence to prove early local production of tinned iron artifacts. The newly discovered armor plates can fill this gap, demonstrating that, by no later than the Wu period, local craftspeople in Zhejiang Province had mastered the art of tin-plating iron surfaces. This reflects the region's advanced metallurgical skills at that time, Ge Shuaikun, a researcher at the Shaoxing Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, told the Global Times on Tuesday.
Over the last three years, archaeologists working at the Jizhong ruins site have excavated hundreds of tinned iron armor plates from ancient wells and ash pits. A preliminary investigation confirmed that the surfaces of these plates contain high levels of tin. Subsequent laboratory analyses were conducted in collaboration with the Shaoxing's institute and the Institute for Cultural Heritage and History of Science & Technology at the University of Science and Technology Beijing with methods such as Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Micro-CT to deeply examine the samples' materials, structures, and technological traces.
    Photo: Courtesy of the Shaoxing Institute of Cultural Relics and ArchaeologyAccording to Ge, tin is a non-toxic metal with a low melting point, excellent corrosion resistance, and a silvery sheen. Tin plating effectively prevents rust, making iron armor far more durable and indeed, even after being buried for 1,700 years, many of these tinned plates retain their silvery metallic shine.
Research shows that the craftspeople immersed iron armor plates in molten tin, thus ensuring complete coverage of the surface with a continuous tinned layer. This coating isolated the iron from exposure to air and moisture, dramatically boosting corrosion resistance. Many of the excavated tinned armor pieces still show a clear, bright silver-white finish.
One major reason for tin-plating the armor was to prevent rust. At the same time, the silvery white shine of tinned iron offered a more striking, beautiful appearance, standing out from the typical dark iron armor of the era. This visual distinction may have marked these pieces as a higher-grade military asset, according to an article from the University of Science and Technology Beijing's official website.
The article said that in earlier eras, from the pre-Qin to Han dynasties, tin was widely used as a surface coating on bronzeware and ceramics. Researchers believe the tin-plating of iron armor discovered at the Jizhong ruins site during the Wu period of Three Kingdoms built upon this local tin-coating tradition, representing an adaptation of those techniques across different materials. The process likely benefited from technological exchange among various specialized workshops at the site, including those making bronze castings, iron weapons, and other metallurgical products.
。SpaceX最近一直在测试7号助推器，为计划中的星际飞船系统首次轨道飞行做准备。在周一顺利完成发动机静态点火测试之后，SpaceX创始人兼首席执行官埃隆·马斯克（Elon Musk）在社交媒体Twitter上表示，所有7部猛禽发动机的燃烧室压力“看起来都很正常。”在随后的一条Twitter中，马斯克表示，“7号助推器现在返回高舱进行系统稳健性升级，8号助推器将移动到发射台继续进行测试”。他还补充说，公司下一次星际飞船系统原型大型测试将是“全堆栈发射前状态合练，然后在几周内同时启动33部发动机。”马斯克所说的“全堆栈”包括位于超级重型助推器顶部的星际飞船，它们共同构成了世界上最高的火箭，总高有120米。SpaceX最近完成的这次发动机静态点火测试是8月31日火箭发动机点火数量的两倍。在那次对超级重型助推器进行静态点火测试时，SpaceX启动了三部猛禽发动机，这也是公司首次对超级重型助推器上搭载的多部发动机同时进行静态点火测试。此前，SpaceX曾在8月9日的一次静态点火测试中同时启动星际飞船6部猛禽发动机中的2部。SpaceX还没有公布对星际飞船系统进行全栈测试的预计日期。但公司表示，它的目标是在未来几个月内对飞船原型进行首次轨道测试。

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